per ton equals 4.8 tons. A quick glance at the numbers shows what happened. The most notable change in the production of cotton in the twentieth century was the geographical shift from East and Central Texas to the High Plains and the Rio Grande valley. Why did some southerners believe their region was immune to the effects of the market revolution? It was by far the nation's main export, providing the basis for the rapidly growing cotton textile industry in Britain and France, as well as the Northeastern United States. Within a few years, boll weevil damage affected crops throughout Texas and the Cotton Belt, the cotton-growing states of the Deep South. . During the Great Depression of the 1930s, many former tenants and sharecroppers returned to farmwork, but after the United States entered World War II in 1941, farmworkers moved again to the cities for work in war-related industries. Following the War of 1812, cotton became the key cash crop of the southern economy and the most important American commodity. ", History of agriculture in the United States, "National Cotton Council of America Rankings", "Ranking of States That Produce the Most Cotton", "Leading destinations of U.S. cotton textile exports", Xiuzhi Wang, Edward A. Evans, and Fredy H. Ballen, "Overview of US Agricultural Trade with China", "USDA/NASS 2020 State Agriculture Overview for South Carolina", "Cotton in a Global Economy: Mississippi (1800-1860)", "Missouri Cotton Facts - Missouri Crop Resource Guide", "Crops - Planted, Harvested, Yield, Production, Price (MYA), Value of Production Sorted by Value of Production in Dollars", Missouri Cotton Facts. As the chief crop[citation needed], the southern part of the United States prospered thanks to its slavery-dependent economy. Data prior to 2020 have been taken from previous reports. In 1990, 74 percent of the Texas cotton crop was gathered by strippers and 26 percent by spindle pickers. Increased cotton production led to technological improvements in cotton ginning-the process of separating cotton fibers from their seeds, cleaning the fibers, and baling the lint for shipment to market. The cotton gin allowed a slave to remove the seeds from fifty pounds of cotton a day, compared to one pound if done by hand. [Online]. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. Annual production slumped from 1,365,000 bales in the 1910s to 801,000 in the 1920s. Please do not hesitate to contact me. How did the invention of the cotton gin affect the economies of the North and South in the years between 1800 and 1850? In Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and elsewhere in the South, slave auctions happened every day. Agents of the United States Department of Agriculture and the county extension service, which was begun at Texas A&M College, set up demonstration farms and experiment stations and visited individual farms to show farmers how to improve their crops through better methods of cultivation. By the 1850s, slavery and cotton had become so intertwined . But this domestic cotton market paled in comparison to the Atlantic market. [10] Prior to the U.S. Civil War, cotton production expanded from 750,000 bales in 1830 to 2.85 million bales in 1850. The time for planting cotton varies greatly in the different sections of Texas. In the eastern part of the state, cotton is planted mostly on medium-high beds to allow better drainage and to enable the soil to warm up quicker in the spring, while in West Texas and other sections with low rainfall, cotton is planted below the level of the land. How much a cotton operation could produce depended on how many hands (men women and children) were available. ", Musoke, Moses S. and Alan L. Olmstead. Cotton production totaled about 280,000 bales in 1860 but declined to less than 180,000 bales in 1870. a dramatic decrease in the price and demand for slaves, the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade, a reform movement calling for the complete end to slavery in the United States. [29] Cotton exports to China grew from a value of $46 million in 2000 to more than $2 billion in 2010. Seventy-five percent of the cotton that supplied Britains cotton mills came from the American South, and the labor that produced that cotton came from the enslaved. After this date, importing slaves from Africa became illegal in the United States. Bad weather causes considerable shedding of the seed cotton from the bolls and lowers the grade and value of the fiber. [28] Four out of the top five importers of U.S.-produced cotton are in North America; the principal destination is Honduras, with about 33% of the total, although this has been in decline slightly over recent years. Cotton and Slavery in the United States, 1790-1860 Source: Historical Statistics of the United States: 1789-1945 Year 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 Cotton Production 1,000 bales 3 73 178 335 732 1,348 2,136 3,841 . How many bales of cotton were produced in 1850? (January 12, 2023). [6], Early cotton production in the United States is linked to the country's history of slavery. Major U.S. states for cotton production 2022, Cotton yield per harvested acre in the U.S. 2001-2022, Cotton price received by U.S. farmers 2007-2021, To download this statistic in XLS format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PNG format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PDF format you need a Statista Account. 4,000,000 or four million bales of cotton were produced in the 1860's. At least that is what I read. The English Empire, 16601763, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Creating Republican Governments, 17761790, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 17901820, Industrial Transformation in the North, 18001850, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 18001860, Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 18201860, Go West Young Man! Cotton gave the South power both real and imagined. Left: Acres of upland cotton harvested as a percent of harvested cropland acreage (2007). We are a community-supported, non-profit organization and we humbly ask for your support because the careful and accurate recording of our history has never been more important. Cotton farming was one of the major areas of racial tension in its history, where many whites expressed concerns about the mass employment of blacks in the industry and the dramatic growth of black landowners. What does Northups narrative tell you about the experience of being a slave? By 1850, of the 3.2 million slaves in the country's fifteen slave states, 1.8 million were producing cotton; by 1860, slave labor was producing over two billion pounds of cotton per year. Finally in the 1950s, new mechanical harvesters allowed a handful of workers to pick as much as 100 had done before. After the war, when steel and rubber became available to manufacturers again, farmers began to mechanize their methods of planting, cultivating, and harvesting, thus eliminating the need for tenants and sharecroppers, many of whom did not return to farmwork, and leading to new practices in cotton production that remain in use today. Show publisher information 1000. One bale of cotton is about 500 pounds. This machine does not strip cotton from the stalk but pulls locks of cotton from the bolls by means of revolving grooved or barbed spindles. "[16] However, discrimination towards blacks continued as it did in the rest of society, and isolated incidents often broke out. By 1860, slave labor was producing over two billion pounds of cotton per year. "Globalization and Its Effects on Agriculture and Agribusiness in the Mississippi Delta: A Historical Overview and Prospects for the Future. Steamboats, a crucial part of the transportation revolution thanks to their enormous freight-carrying capacity and ability to navigate shallow waterways, became a defining component of the cotton kingdom. Farmers first saw the ravaging effect of the weevil, which had spread northward from Mexico, near Corpus Christi during the 1890s. Northern mills depended on the South for supplies of raw cotton that was then converted into textiles. [12] The quantity exported held steady, at 3,000,000 bales, but prices on the world market fell. Most New Yorkers did not care that the cotton was produced by enslaved people because for them it became sanitized once it left the plantation. Currently, you are using a shared account. The cotton boom, however, was the main cause of the increased demand for enslaved labor the number of enslaved individuals in America grew from 700,000 in 1790 to 4,000,000 in 1860. The abolition of the foreign slave trade in 1807 led to _______. Cotton pickers in Mississippi, mid-1800s. Following the Civil War and the abolition of slavery in the United States, the boll weevil, a pest from Mexico, began to spread across the United States, affecting yields drastically as it moved east. Although the importation of enslaved Africans into the United States had been prohibited in 1808, the temptation of the astronomical profits of the international slave trade was too strong for many New Yorkers. In 1884 Robert S. Munger of Mexia revolutionized the slow, animal-powered method of "plantation ginning" by devising the faster, automated "system ginning," the process in use today. "The rise of the cotton industry in California: A comparative perspective. Cotton and the Growth of the American Economy: 1790-1860. -Uba6rtc34. The growth of Mississippis population before its admission to statehood and afterwards is distinctly correlated to the rise of cotton production. Further innovations in the form of genetic engineering and of nanotechnology are an encouraging development for the growth of cotton. ", Snow, Whitney Adrienne. The Civil War caused a decrease in production, but by 1869 the cotton crop was reported as 350,628 bales. Sometimes the cotton was dried before it was ginned (put through the process of separating the seeds from the cotton fiber). The United States is the world's top exporter of cotton. By 1860, Georgia alone produced 701,840 bales of cotton, establishing it as the fourth-largest cotton-growing state. Great pressure existed to meet the expected daily amount, and some masters whipped slaves who picked less than expected. Mississippi attracted investors as well as residents. This sharp rise in production in the late 1850s and early 1860s was due at least in part to the removal of Indians, which opened up new areas for cotton production. [38] Cotton is a major crop in Mississippi with approximately 1.1 million acres planted each year. New Orleans had been part of the French empire before the United States purchased it, along with the rest of the Louisiana Territory, in 1803. In the 1990s cotton was also planted in the Sacramento Valley. Cotton was first grown in Texas by Spanish missionaries. It became a major crop in the 1930s. A specially designed module mover, a modified flatbed trailer, picks up the module and carries it to the gin, where it is unloaded into the cotton storage yard or directly under the suction telescope for ginning. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. [23] In South Carolina, Williamsburg County production fell from 37,000 bales in 1920 to 2,700 bales in 1922 and one farmer in McCormick County produced 65 bales in 1921 and just 6 in 1922. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? Cotton and tobacco prices collapsed in 1920 following overproduction and the boll weevil pest wiped out the sea island cotton crop in 1921. Photograph courtesy of Mississippi Department of Archives and History, PI/1997.0006.0470. Much of the corn and pork that slaves consumed came from farms in the West. Social pressures caused by returning African American WWI veterans demanding increased civil rights being met by a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan and the violence the Klan inflicted on rural African Americans explains why many African Americans moved to northern American cities in the 1920s through the 1950s during the "Great Migration" as mechanization of agriculture was introduced, leaving many unemployed. Cotton accounted for over half of all American exports during the first half of the 19th century. Spindle pickers are used in areas of high rainfall where plants grow tall before they are defoliated. Cotton farming was also subsidized in the country by the U.S. government[citation needed], as a trade policy, specifically to the "corporate agribusiness" almost ruined the economy of people in many underdeveloped countries such as Mali and many other developing countries (in view of low profits in the light of stiff competition from the United States, the workers could hardly make both ends meet to survive with cotton sales). He had obtained a patent on the cotton gin but it proved to be unenforceable. The Rise of New York Port, 1815-1860. Nearly forty percent of Britains exports were cotton textiles. Kentucky slaveholders sold some seventy-one thousand individuals. In 1910, it was released into the marketplace. Americans were well aware of the fact that the economic value placed on an enslaved person generally correlated to the price of cotton. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. 720,000, 2.85 million, 5 million By the civil war how much did cotton account for American exports? Almost no cotton was grown in the United States in 1787, the year the federal constitution was written. Some slaveholders responded to this situation by freeing slaves; far more decided to sell their excess bondsmen. Indeed, American cotton soon made up two-thirds of the global supply, and production continued to soar. Steamboats moved down the river transporting cotton grown on plantations along the river and throughout the South to the port at New Orleans. The Mississippi River Valley slave states became the epicenter of cotton production, an area of frantic economic activity where the landscape changed dramatically as land was transformed from pinewoods and swamps into cotton fields. Cotton should be harvested as early as possible because profits are often greatly reduced by allowing the open cotton to be exposed to the wind and rain. Furthermore, cotton supports a USD 3 trillion global fashion industry, which includes clothes with unique designs from reputed brands, with global clothing exports valued at USD 1.3 trillion in 2016. Boston: Little Brown, 1986, Bruchey, Stuart. Legal Notices. Nearly 4,000,000 of Britains total population of 21,000,000 were dependent on cotton textile manufacturing. It has been estimated that New York received forty percent of all cotton revenues since the city supplied insurance, shipping, and financing services and New York merchants sold goods to Southern planters. [43], Missouri grows upland cotton, and cottonseed, which is a valuable livestock feed. This particular chapter of the story of slavery in the United States starts at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. How did slaves resist their masters? If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Cotton Extension Program, University of Missouri Agricultural Extension, USDA NASS (used total production in pounds to determine rank), University of Missouri Extension - Southeast Missouri Crop Budgets, Cinderella of the New South: A History of the Cottonseed Industry, 1855-1955, Newspaper clippings about Cotton production in the United States, Agriculture in the Southwestern United States, Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotton_production_in_the_United_States&oldid=1150392371, Agricultural production in the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Beckert, Sven. [1] Almost all of the cotton fiber growth and production occurs in the Southern United States and the Western United States, dominated by Texas, California, Arizona, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana. After the seeds had been removed, the cotton was pressed into bales. [14][15], The United States, observed in 1940 that "many thousands of black cotton farmers each year now go to the polls, stand in line with their white neighbors, and mark their ballots independently without protest or intimidation, in order to determine government policy toward cotton production control. Major new ports developed at St. Louis, Missouri; Memphis, Tennessee; and other locations. In 2020, producers in South Carolina harvested 179,000 acres of upland cotton. The introduction of barbed wire in the 1870s and the building of railroads further stimulated the industry. [40], The top four upland cotton producing counties in Missouri are New Madrid (197,000 bales in 2016), Dunklin (171,200 bales in 2016), Stoddard (110,000 bales in 2016), and Pemiscot (72,000 bales in 2016). New Orleans, the hub of commerce, boasted the largest slave market in the United States and grew to become the nations fourth-largest city as a result. Exporting at such high volumes made the United States the undisputed world leader in cotton production. Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New-York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841 and Rescued in 1853 (the basis of a 2013 Academy Awardwinning film). In the late 18th century, the process started in Great Britain where several inventions the spinning jenny, Cromptons spinning mule, and Cartwrights power loom revolutionized the textile industry. A report of the missions at San Antonio in 1745 indicates that several thousand pounds of cotton were produced annually, then spun and woven by mission craftsmen. This economic growth exacted a severe and tragic human price through slavery and the prejudicial treatment of free Black people. d. 1850-1860 In what decade was there the lowest increase in cotton production? Cotton production in the U.S. from 2001 to 2022 (in 1,000 bales)* [Graph]. A high demand for cotton during World War I stimulated production, but a drop in prices after the war led many tenants and sharecroppers to abandon farming altogether and move to the cities for better job opportunities. Between the years 1820 and 1860, approximately 80 percent of the global cotton supply was produced in the United States. ", Meikle, Paulette Ann. ", US Department of Agriculture, Cotton production in the U.S. from 2001 to 2022 (in 1,000 bales)* Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/191500/cotton-production-in-the-us-since-2000/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Cotton production in the U.S. from 2001 to 2022 (in 1,000 bales)* [Graph], US Department of Agriculture, January 12, 2023. Cotton requires fertile soil for profitable yields. Georgia produced a record 2.8 million bales on 4.9 million acres in 1911. These bales, weighing about four hundred to five hundred pounds, were wrapped in burlap cloth and sent down the Mississippi River. devoting their attention to the production of this staple crop. The population and cotton production statistics tell a simple, but significant story. [20] By 1929, the cotton ranches of California were the largest in the US (by acreage, production, and number of employees). In 1817, only seventeen plied the waters of western rivers, but by 1837, there were over seven hundred steamships in operation. The result was a large-scale exodus of the white and black cotton farmers from the south. As the cotton industry boomed in the South, the Mississippi River quickly became the essential water highway in the United States. [8] This also ushered the slave trade to meet the growing need for labor to grow cotton[citation needed], a labor-intensive crop and a cash crop of immense economic worth[citation needed]. There was little . [33] Texas Cotton Producers includes nine certified cotton grower organizations; it addresses national and statewide cotton grower issues, such as the national farm bill and environmental legislation. In 1879 some 2,178,435 acres produced 805,284 bales. "Cotton Mill City: The Huntsville Textile Industry, 1880-1989. 60%, $200 million a year from it January 8th 1808 A bill to abolish the importation of slaves became a law Other combined counties in Missouri produced 15,800 bales in 2016. Only Mississippi (1,195,699 bales), Alabama (997,978 bales) and Louisiana (722,218 bales) produced more cotton. [7] These bales usually measure approximately 17 cubic feet (0.48 cubic meters) and weigh 500 pounds (230 kilograms). equivalent bales). In 1857, seventy-five percent of Connecticut voters elected to deny suffrage to African Americans, and even after the Civil War, voters there again denied Black male residents the right to vote. Fred C. Elliott, ", Wyse, R. C. The Selling and Financing of the American Cotton Crop., Moses S. Musoke, and Alan L. Olmstead. Cotton was a labor-intensive business, and the large number of workers required to grow and harvest cotton came from slave labor until the end of the American Civil War. [citation needed] Texas produces approximately 25% of the country's cotton crop on more than 6 million acres, the equivalent of over 9,000 square miles (23,000km2) of cotton fields. The slaves who built this cotton kingdom with their labor started by clearing the land. [citation needed]. Only Mississippi (1,195,699 bales), Alabama (997,978 bales) and Louisiana (722,218 bales) produced more cotton. Eli Whitney (1765-1825) Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-8283. Robert L. Haney, Milestones: Marking Ten Decades of Research (College Station: Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1989). It was here that Pima Indians cultivated various cotton hybrids seeking ideal traits. Cotton production continued its steady increase until the 1920s, Post navigation. Mapping History : The Spread of Cotton and of Slavery 1790-1860 - Introduction Introduction This module has four parts. Additional factors contributed to the increase in cotton production during the last years of the nineteenth century. The steel module builder consists of a box large enough to hold 15,000 pounds (ten to twelve bales) of seed cotton, a cab, and a hydraulic tramper. Transformative Learning in the Humanities, THE SOUTH IN THE AMERICAN AND WORLD MARKETS, Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 18001860, The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 14921650, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! A wagon or sled with an open groove down the center of the bed proved to be a better device. In 1807, the U.S. Congress abolished the foreign slave trade, a ban that went into effect on January 1, 1808. Miracle at Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention May to September 1787. Which of the following was not one of the effects of the cotton boom? E. A. Miller. According to the University of Missouri, cotton production per acreage in this state peaked in the 1953 and decreased to its lowest point in 1967. In 1860 over 4 million of these were produced. Print from The Illustrated London News courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-64405. The 1889 census reported 3,934,525 acres producing 1.5 million bales. In 1868 the combination of nitrocellulose and camphor made celluloid, an artificial plastic. The idea was that this cotton diplomacy would force Europe to intervene. By 1850, of the 3.2 million slaves in the countrys fifteen slave states, 1.8 million were producing cotton; by 1860, slave labor was producing over two billion pounds of cotton per year. Cotton and slavery occupied a centraland intertwinedplace in the nineteenth-century economy. How many bales of cotton were produced in the 1850s? The module is covered with a polyethelene tarpaulin and marked for field identification with a harmless spray. Missouri upland cotton production in 2017 was valued at $261,348,000 with 750,000,480 pound bales produced in that year. Over 50% of the Santa Rosa County's harvest is of cotton. 12. Tenants lived in houses on the landowners' property and supplied their own draft animals, tools, and seed; for their year of work, after the cotton was ginned, they received two-thirds of the value of the cotton. The boll weevil arrived four years later. In 1971 Lambert Wilkes of College Station, working with the Texas Agricultural Extension Service and Cotton Incorporated (a research division of the National Cotton Council), devised the concept of harvesting cotton by module. Entire old-growth forests and cypress swamps fell to the axe as slaves labored to strip the vegetation to make way for cotton. [3] The final estimate of U.S. cotton production in 2012 was 17.31 million sales,[4] with the corresponding figures for China and India being 35 million and 26.5 million bales, respectively. Whitney gave up his career as a teacher to devote full time to manufacturing cotton gins and making money. [22], The cotton industry in the United States hit a crisis in the early 1920s. The Nobel Prize-winning economist, Douglass C. North, stated that cotton was the most important proximate cause of expansion in the 19th century American economy. In addition to dominating the slave trade, New York denied voting rights to its small free Black population, which comprised only one percent of the population. The 1850s were a boom time for cotton factories. and In the early 1910s, the average yield per acre varied between states: North Carolina (290 pounds), Missouri (279 pounds), South Carolina (255 pounds), and Georgia (239 pounds); the yield in California (500 pounds) was attributed to growth on irrigated land. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/191500/cotton-production-in-the-us-since-2000/, Cotton production in the U.S. from 2001 to 2022 (in 1,000 bales)*, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts & reports, Total U.S. cotton plantings and harvestings 2001-2022, U.S. acreage of planted cotton 2015/16-2021/22, U.S. acreage of harvested cotton 2015/16-2021/22, U.S. acreage of genetically modified cotton 2014-2019, Cotton production value in the U.S. 2000-2022, Leading U.S. states based on cotton production value 2021, Cottonseed production in the U.S. 2001-2022, U.S. cottonseed production value 2000-2021, Supply of cottonseed products in the U.S. 2016/17-2018/19, U.S. cottonseed oil consumption 2000-2021, Exports of cottonseed from the U.S. 2016/17-2018/19, Exports of cottonseed oil from the U.S. 2016/17-2018/19, Cotton production in China 2021, by region, Share of cotton in China's agricultural acreage 2000-2017, Brazil: harvested area of cotton 2022-2031, Area of sorghum for grain harvested in the U.S. 2001-2022, U.S. plantings and harvestings of oats 2001-2022, U.S. barley plantings and harvestings 2001-2022, Yield per harvested acre of corn for silage in the U.S. 2001-2022, Area of sunflowers planted and harvested 2001-2022, Global cottonseed meal and oil production 2009-2018, Cotton production volume in Egypt 2007-2022, Black winter truffle: volume harvested by production countries in the EU 2012-2016, Truffle distribution in France 2014, by country, Wild harvest area in India from FY 2011-2022, Total area harvested for barley production across the UAE 2014 to 2018, Import value of cotton in Ghana 2010-2019, Production volume of castor oil seeds in India FY 2012-2020, Canada: harvested seeded area of chickpeas 2016/17-2022/23, Import value of cotton into Ethiopia 2015-2021, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, top producer of cotton in the United States. Some of the newcomers bought small farmsteads, but most worked as tenant farmers or sharecroppers for landowners who controlled spreads as large as 6,000 acres. By the time of the Civil War, South Carolina . By the late 1920s around two-thirds of all African-American tenants and almost three-fourths of the croppers worked on cotton farms, and two in three black women from black landowning families were involved in cotton farming. Theirs was a world of mobility and restlessness, a constant search for the next area to grow the valuable crop. By 1860, the region was producing two-thirds of the worlds cotton. It dominated cotton production in the Mississippi River Valleyhome of the new slave states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missourias well as in other states like Texas. In 2022, around 14.68 million bales of cotton were produced in the United States, a decrease from about 17.5 million bales in the previous year. The first half of the nineteenth century saw a market revolution in the United States, one in which industrialization brought changes to both the production and the consumption of goods. Horses or mules pulled the sled through the fields to harvest the cotton. It expanded to the west very dramatically after 1800all the way to Texasthanks to the cotton gin. American cotton production soared from 156,000 bales in 1800 to more than 4,000,000 bales in 1860 (a bale is a compressed bundle of cotton weighing between 400 and 500 pounds). [32] With eight production regions around Texas, and only four geographic regions, it is the state's leading cash crop. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set [44][45][46][47], Cotton growing is largely confined to a county near the westernmost tip of the state[citation needed]. In, US Department of Agriculture. [11], After the Civil War, cotton production expanded to small farms, operated by white and black tenant farmers and sharecroppers. The cotton gin. By the 1970s, most cotton was grown in large automated farms in the Southwest. For many slaves, the domestic slave trade incited the terror of being sold away from family and friends.

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