The Nazi Party, now in charge, campaign to consolidate their power into a complete dictatorship. WebResults of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. By July 31, 1932, the people were angry. Saving the farmer means saving the German nation; 4. Hitler and his Sturmabteilung paramilitary group lead a massive rally of supporters. Hitler toured the country giving speeches. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. There were two rounds to the presidential election of 1932. The first round was in March, but as no candidate won 50% of the vote there was a second round in April. Who were the candidates in the presidential election of 1932 in Germany? Hindenburg, Hitler, and Thlmann competed in the second round, after Dusterberg had resigned. This November vote was the last democratic national election held in prewar Germany. 214 High Street, Hitler's paramilitary "Brownshirts" sit down with a farmer and his wife and try to persuade them to vote Nazi. The Social Democratic leaders Ernst Heilmann and Otto Braun (himself a candidate in the 1925 election) despite the initial resistance of the party's left wing, were able to launch a broad electoral campaign and received the support of the Iron Front alliance, including the democratic Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold association, the Free Trade Unions (ADGB, AfA-Bund) and the Arbeiter-Turn- und Sportbund organization. In February 1933, Hitler blamed a devastating Reichstag fire on the communists (its true cause remains a mystery) and convinced President Hindenburg to sign a decree suspending individual and civil liberties, a decree Hitler used to silence his political enemies with false arrests. The combined effect of these two influences resulted in a reversal of those who supported Hindenburg between the two elections. Who were the candidates in the presidential election of 1932 in Germany? The second regular presidential election held in Germany since the adoption of the present constitution was completed on April 10, following the failure of each of the five candidates to poll a majority of the popular votes at the first election on March 13. Behind him, a man holds up a poster with Hitler's face. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. Hindenburg failed to receive the requisite majority of votes in the first round, but was able to win reelection in the runoff. Has data issue: false The 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of President of the Reich ( Reichsprsident ), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. Hitler then proceeded to purge the Brown Shirts (his storm troopers), the head of which, Ernst Rhm, had begun voicing opposition to the Nazi Partys terror tactics. 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Backed by the Communist International, it was hoped that he would gain support from left-wing Social Democrats disgusted by Hindenburg's character. Hindenburg had been elected to the office in 1925 with the support of a coalition of several parties on the right who hoped that he would overturn the Weimar Republic, which was never particularly popular. The expectations of the Communists presenting "the only left candidate" were not fulfilled, nevertheless they continued their fight against the policies of the Social Democrats and nominated Thlmann for the second round on April 10. Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Those close to the president wanted a cozier relationship to Hitler and the Nazis. Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Wien (Museum of Military History, Vienna) 2014.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:German_presidential_election_(1932)&oldid=623893595, Elections and referendums in the Weimar Republic, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. By the 1930s, the skilled propaganda campaigns of the Nazi Party had transformed Adolf Hitler from a little known extremist to a leading candidate for President. That inevitably led to clashes with the Communist paramilitary. Neither the Nazi Party nor Hindenburg had a governing majority, and the other parties refused to co-operate, meaning no coalition government with a majority could be formed. The federal election and Hitler's shot at becoming chancellor was just around the corner. Earlier in Hitler's political career, a crowd of people fill a Munich beer hall to hear him speak. View all Google Scholar citations 52121Google Scholar. 24 On April 5, 1932, Hitler published his program, the section headings of which were: 1. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Total loading time: 0 Web1932 April Presidential election. May - Brning resigned as Chancellor. occupational endeavors. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The "Brownshirts" keep people in line at a Nazi Party rally. first published in November 1906 and appearing quarterly, is the WebUnused ballot distributed for the first round of the 1932 Presidential election in Germany held March 12. German presidential election (1949 West German presidential election. The elections resulted in significant gains by the Nazi Party; with 230 seats, it became the largest party in parliament for the first time, but lacked an overall majority. APSR, Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression; unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 1929 and 1932,[2] while industrial production dropped by around 42%. Die Ergebnisse der Reichsprsidentenwahlen am 13. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a majority. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. 2. 114Google Scholar. His major opponent in the election was Adolf Hitler of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Adolf Hitler speaks to a crowd, outlining his vision of a fascist Germany and trying to sway voters. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. On April 13, 1932, President von Hindenburg issued a special decree abolishing these National Socialist organizations. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. WebIn 1932 Germany needed a new president and Hitler became the candidate the for the Nazi Party and due to his speeches became the president, his speeches, however, Were anti-semitic and caused them to be opressed in many waysIn 1932 Germany needed a new president and Hitler became the candidate the for the Nazi Party and due to his speeches Web1932 April - Presidential election. 11 Among the more important non-party organizations officially supporting Hindenburg were: the Arbeitsgemeinschaft vereinigten Vertreter der katholischen Verbnde, claiming over 2,000,000 qualified voters; the three workers' federations mentioned above, with a total membership of more than 6,500,000; the Reichsbanner, the Deutsche Offiziersbund, and a large number of the member organizations of the Deutscher Beamtenbund. WebUnused ballot distributed for the first round of the 1932 Presidential election in Germany held March 12. Although the Weimar Constitution had provided for a semi-presidential republic, structural weaknesses and political polarization had resulted in a paralyzed Reichstag and this combined with the Great Depression resulted in a government that had governed exclusively via presidential decrees since March 1930, giving the President much power. Kurt von Schleicher, the new Chancellor of Germany, takes one last look at the placards before casting his vote. The German government of Chancellor Heinrich Brning had developed plans to evade direct elections by a Reichstag resolution to extend Hindenburg's time in office and arranged significant concessions to be made to Hitler's Nazi Party and the German National People's Party (DNVP) under chairman Alfred Hugenberg. All of these companies are now members of a central organization really under the control of the Post Office Department, which holds 51 per cent of the stock of the central organization, which in turn controls 55.1 per cent of the capital of the member companies. Only three days after his appointment, he was faced with such opposition that he had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag and call new elections for 31 July so that the Reichstag could not dismiss him immediately.[3]. 23 This conclusion is well elaborated in an article by Zehrer, Hans, Die Frhjahrs offensive, in Die Tat, April, 1932, pp. As the final votes are cast in the presidential election, supporters of each candidate make one last bid to sway the voters. Book now . Critical Thinking Questions What can artifacts such as this one tell us about life in Germany before the Nazi rise to power? LS23 6AD He scored higher election results in traditional Social Democratic and Centre strongholds such as the Prussian Rhine Province or Saxony. 5 Dr.Kaisenberg, Georg, Die Wahl des Beichsprsidenten (Carl Heymanns, 1932), supp. In the 1930 federal election, the Nazi Party had dramatically increased its number of seats in the Reichstag. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. Some on the left were still lukewarm towards Hindenburg; the Communists exploited this by running Thlmann and promoting him as "the only left candidate". It took a fire in the Reichstag, the death of a president, and a night of executions to make the Nazis' power absolute but that power originated with the will of the people. Slowly, the fascist, racist Nazi Party seemed, to some people, like a solution to the country's problems. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Theodor Duesterberg, the deputy leader of the World War I veterans' organization Der Stahlhelm, ran in the first round but dropped out of the runoff. The massive crowd of supporters that came out to see the Nazi Party leaders speak, seen from above. Web1932 German presidential election; Metadata. WebIn an April 1932 presidential run-off election, Hitler had received 37% of the vote. Results of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. A truck for President Paul von Hindenburg drives down the streets, warning the people that a vote for Hitler is a vote for "eternal discord.". There were actually five major elections in 1932. Independent candidate Crown Prince Wilhelm von Hohenzollern won against Social Democrat Otto Braun. publication of the American Political Science Association (APSA). Democracy died and fascism rose because the people voted for it. March 1932: Hindenburg, 18 million votes (49.6%); Hitler, 11 million votes (30%); Thlmann, 5 million votes (14%). They promised to tear up the Treaty of Versailles, refuse to pay their debts, and take back the land that had been taken from them after the war. But that was not enough for Hitler either. Wahlgang.jpg, Resultado elecciones presidenciales Alemanas de 1932.png, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13314, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Agitator.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13324, Berlin, Lustgarten, Ansprache Hitlers.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-14271B, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Ansprache Adolf Hitler.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1940, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Wahlpropaganda.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1942A, Berlin-Zehlendorf, Rede Joseph Goebbels.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03156A, Berlin, Propaganda zur Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03928A, Berlin, Propaganda zur Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R97782, Berlin, Wahlwerbung der NSDAP in.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13355, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Wahlwerbung.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13356, Berlin, Menschen vor Reichsprsidentenpalais.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13357, Berlin, Brning vor Wahllokal.jpg, Stimmzettel zur Reichsprsidentenwahl 1932.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R99203, Berlin, Wahlplakat fr Hindenburg.jpg, Daspolitischepla00scho 0210 Erwin Schockel Das politische Plakat Hitler poster Reichsprsidentenwahl Mrz April 1932 Heinz Franke Druck Mnchen Anonymous No known copyright restrictions.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster 1932 (Hitler portrait, 11 millionen, Gib auch du deine Stimme dem Manne der Kraft). For a complete list, see Handbuch der Weltpresse (Carl Duncker, 1931)Google Scholar. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. WebThe 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). WebRM DAT1RE Hitler, Adolf, 20.4.1889 - 30.4.1945, German politician (NSDAP), with a young girl, election campaign, 1932, RM R8J321 President Paul von Hindenburg and Adolf Hitler on January 30th, 1933, when the latter was appointed chancellor in a Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. news media, and private enterprise. research in colleges and universities in the U.S. and abroad, one-fourth work 12 Hitler became a German citizen shortly before the election by becoming an official of the government of the state of Braunschweig, one of the seventeen German Lnder. Brning's policies, implemented via presidential decree and tolerated by parliament, failed to solve the economic crisis and weakened the parliamentary system. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. Incumbent President Paul von Hindenburg was 84 years old and in poor health. Feature Flags: { [1] The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a majority. Adolf Hitler salutes his supporters as he drives down the streets of Berlin, celebrating his intention to run in the German presidential election. Brning recognized that only a general support from the right would induce Hindenburg to announce his readiness for candidacy. discipline. Hindenburg remained the only independent politician elected president of Germany until the election of Joachim Gauck nearly 80 years later. In March 1932, the presidential elections began as a three-way race between the incumbent Hindenburg, supported by pro-democratic parties, against Hitler on the one hand and the Communist Ernst Thlmann on the other. The last election had been held in 1925. WebIn the presidential election held on March 13, 1932, Hitler got over eleven million votes (11,339,446) or 30% of the total. The Nazi Party succeeded by played into the country's worries. Upon Hindenburg's death in 1934 Hitler de facto assumed the presidency, which he combined with the chancellorship to become the Fhrer und Reichskanzler. In the first round on March 13 no candidate obtained an absolute majority of the votes cast, though Hindenburg with 49.6% failed only by a narrow margin. 14 According to the financial report of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund for the year 1930, the total income of all the affiliated trade unions amounted to 29,795,653.97 marks, of which 20,739,629.41 marks were derived from dues. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Chancellor Heinrich Brning steps out of the polling station after casting his vote against Hitler. In the first round of voting Hindenburg achieved 49.6% of the votes - just short of the required 50% to be determined the winner (Hitler won 30%). With so much debt to pay off, German money became practically worthless. Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. This election was important, first, because the Weimar constitutional system was threatened, and secondly, because the threatening force, Hitlerism, if victorious, not only presaged a profound change in the existing form of government in Germany, but might have been the prelude to internal strife, affecting the financial stake of the world in Germany, and possibly endangering international peace. President Paul Mrz, 1932, report published by the minister of the Department of the Interior. The 1932 German presidential election was held on 13 March, with a runoff on 10 April. Others were supported by private or local aid. Indeed, it would have been very hard to win a one-party majority in the Weimar Republic - no parties did so. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 4 Unemployment figures for March 31, 1932, were 6,031,000, of which 1,579,000 received regular unemployment insurance, 1,744,000 emergency aid. Unsere letzte Hoffnung ist Adolf Hitler; Das letzte Stck Brot raubt ihnen der Kapitalismus, whlt Thlmann; Schluss jetzt mit Hitlers Volksverhetzung, whlt Hindenburg; Entscheidet die Zukunft eurer Kinder; Haltet ein mit der Deutschen Selbstzerfleischung, wahlt Hindenburg; Ein Mann gegen Parteikadaver und InteressenhaufenHitler (forbidden); Landvolk in Not. 6 Handbuch fr das Deutsche Reich (1931), pp. 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round).svg. Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi head of propaganda, waves at Hitler as he passes by in his car. WebWhat were the results of the presidential election of 1932? The Democratic Parties, united under a single banner, drive through the streets of Germany trying to rally the people to keep the fascists and the communists out. The NSDAP, whose members were known as "Nazis", had risen from being a fringe group to the second-largest party in the Reichstag. After this look at the Hitler election of 1932, check out these pictures of the Nazi propaganda machine and life in Nazi Germany. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. DNVP and Stahlhelm abstained from making any recommendations, while the Agricultural League and the industrialist Fritz Thyssen declared themselves in favour of Hitler. 3 As disclosed in an article by Mller, Johannes, Protestant pastor in Leipzig, entitled, Die Evangelischen und der Staat, Frankfurter Zeitung, April 8, 1932Google Scholar. 17 Frankfurter Zeitung, April 12, 1932, p. 2Google Scholar. 16 See Lewinsohn, Richard, Das Geld in der Politik (S. Fischer, 1931), pp. The Nazis made a mistake of marching with the Communists to support transport workers, thus alienating a lot of middle class voters. Hitler received around a third of the vote and was defeated in the second round in April by Hindenburg, who won a narrow majority. Mnchner Stadtmuseum, Munich, Germany 2014.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster Germany 1932. A woman casts her vote in the election that would ultimately give power to the Nazis. more than half) in the first round was elected. Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party representatives pose together for a photograph while planning their election campaign. We strive for accuracy and fairness. While most APSA members are scholars who teach and conduct The following 38 files are in this category, out of 38 total. A couple look over the campaign signs that have taken over a street post, including a small swastika up in the corner. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. Chancellor Heinrich Brning speaks to a crowd, urging them to vote for Paul von Hindenburg and keep Hitler out of power. Adolf Hitler portrait. Und tut ihr es nicht aus Liebe, so tut es aus Hass. Leading editorial, Von Ebertzu Hitler? in the principal organ of the Social Democratic party, Vorwrts, February 28, 1932. What were the results of the presidential election of 1932? Joseph Goebbels yells into his microphone, addressing his crowd of supporters. Hitler's rage-filled ideas of racial superiority then started to seem more palatable to the people of Germany. Under the Weimar Republic, which had arisen from Germany's defeat in World War I, the presidency was a powerful office. Hitler had Rhm executed without trial, which encouraged the army and other reactionary forces within the country to urge Hitler to further consolidate his power by merging the presidency and the chancellorship. Like in 1925, the Communist Party nominated Ernst Thlmann. The RFB, the Communist Party's equivalent to the Sturmabteilung, patrol the streets looking for Nazis to fight. Intimidation, and fear of the communists, brought Hitler a 90 percent majority.

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