More remarkably, none of these collections has been studied stylistically. Traditional, Modern and Linguistic Concept of S Stylistics introduction, Definitions of Stylistics, Product oriented syllabus and process oriented syllsbus. study of, meanings in a This study however, postulates the following significance: Firstly, apart from questioning the existing norm of graphological analysis and contributing to knowledge in the field of stylistics, by way of modification of previous models, the knowledge of graphology embedded in this research will assist critics and stylisticians in sharpening their awareness of the stylistic patterning of language, which they will put to extensive use in literary and non-literary texts. (2) Device: The linguistic instrumentality designed to achieve a particular stylistic effect. Ask us a question or register to join a community of 235k+ members that receive latest education news. Ehrlich, (1990) informs us that the tradition at the inception of the evolution of modern linguistics was for analysts to confine the analysis of a text to the sentence domain of which was, then, regarded as the largest unit with an inherent structure. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. are not directly referable to any observable linguistic features of texts, and one of the long-term aims of stylistics must be to see how far such descriptions can be justified in terms of descriptions of a more linguistic kind. that makes up a writer's style are: The Anaphora: when we refer back to the situation, things, Advertisement The focus is on the pragmatic and stylistic dimensions of speech. Secondly, the study provides the students with an overwhelming sensitivity with language use thus, revealing the writers conscious attempt at deviating from the linguistic norm; and also enhancing their in-depth and critical understanding as well as appreciation of texts. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. Stylistics theory therefore was key in the discussions about how graphological features are used in the construction of the selected texts as well as the role those features play in enhancing thematic comprehension and aesthetic predisposition resulting into ideal analysis. These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features The use of octaves and sextets refers to rhyme scheme and poetic metre : Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! It has been chosen to parallel phonology, and the term includes orthography, punctuation, and anything else that is concerned with showing how a language uses its graphic resources to carry its grammatical and lexical patterns (Halliday et al. - This research is helpful in understanding the basic concepts, literal and hidden meanings of the poem. <> sentence, sub sentence, Stylistic features of each. ), Questions that can help one analyze a text, Do not miss all our updates on English stylistics. In spite of such common factor existing between linguistic stylistics and literary criticism, one finds that there lies a difference in their modus operandi, and consequently a difference in their evaluations. 3) considers, 'the . The concept of Style does not exist in a vacuum; it has meaning when language is used to communicate the message. A Stylistics Analysis of Hope is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson Essays on Literary Criticism. The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. The result reveals the use of phono-graphological features to indicate contrastive stress and focus information. ,l5#7:l5k>e; stops, question marks etc. What's the most energy-efficient way to run a boiler? 2) To examine the extent to which the identified patterns of graphology are signifiers of meaning? Here, such features as the use of punctuation marks to create stylistic effects are significant. Put simply, this level is concerned with the meaning of words and sentences. 2.1.2 Stylistics and its central concerns i.e word fixation-compounded words (carbohydrate), suffixes and prefixes, Look at individual words and their pattern of combination The use of punctuation marks can equally create stylistic effects. Pragmatics is Graphological Features: " Through these features, a stylistician can reasonably explore and give descriptions of the physical appearance of a literary text. Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. of Department of English, University of Uyo, Ekemini Essien of Federal University of Science and Technology, Akure and Dan, Abasiono Godwin of Department of English, University of Ibadan; relatives: Mfiokma Nelson, Uncle Flow, Ukpeme John et alia and my students on whose shoulders I stood while the research lasted. us to find out the hidden meanings to be I am also indebted to my amiable parents, Elder/Deaconess Nseobong Nkopuruk; they deserve a special mention, for their all-round support which metamorphosed into a Masters Degree in English, today.always counting on them too, for higher heights. I think that referring to octaves and sextets , graphological deviation should be written using inverted commas. endobj language features to reveal the deeper meaning of the poem. Verdonk (2002) in his observation puts it that style does not arise out of a vacuum rather, its production, purpose, and effect are deeply embedded in the particular context in which both the writer and the reader of the text play their distinctive roles. The definitions of style do not only point to the instrument used by the writer but by extension, to the characteristics of the writing itself in terms of the formal property of the text and how the writer communicates meaning. All these devices have stylistic effects. 2.1.6.5 Context Level: The theory underlying graphology is that handwriting is an expression of personality; hence, a systematic analysis of the way words and letters are formed can reveal traits of personality. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011). Alliteration Secondly, critics also criticize a literary approach which over concentrates on textual values. According to (Short, 2000), the principle of deviation occurs by employing abnormal forms of language and breaking up the reader's routine behavior; by this, unremarkable views and perspectives are replaced with new and unexpected insights and sensations. 4.3.4 Eclipse in Rwanda (1998) Style has been variously defined according to its orientation in the writers personality, the impressions of the reader, an individual text and the collective features of a genre. The knowledge gained from the study of pedagogical stylistics will help students in understanding how language, grammar and rhetoric function in texts. Secondly, it will boost their practical knowledge, whereby students are able to analyze texts with the tool they have acquired at the first stage. By continuing to use this site, well assume you agree to the use of Cookies. For Khan and Jabeen (2015:128), the aim is to analyze the internal structure of sentences in a language and the way they function in sequences, clauses, phrases, words, nouns, verbs etc. Lennard (2005) unlike Levenston also proposes a scheme of eight different descriptive levels that enhance the analysis of matters affecting graphology according to his publication The Poetry Handbook (2005). conversations. Examples: whole He has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. Finally, Wellek and Warren (1977: 176) opine that linguistic study becomes literary only when it serves the study of literature; when it aims at investigating the aesthetic effect of language (Eyoh 2005). For others the former would only be appropriate for advanced learners. figure 1.2, or table 1.1 . These levels include: syntax, semantics, lexis, phonology, graphology and others; in order to achieve the objectives of this study, this essay investigated the deployment of graphology as a device of meaning and aesthetics. The journalism . The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. idiosyncratic behaviors in a text. 8 Burn Road #13-14 Trivex 4. How to subdivide triangles into four triangles with Geometry Nodes? context based study including linguistic Through grammatical Graphology is viewed as a linguistic level of analysis that concerns with the study of graphic aspects language. 2.1.4.3 Literary Linguistic Stylistics Email: special offers and other discount information. He notes that quotation marks are used to demarcate direct utterances; commas separate sentential elements for a short pause, semi-colon are also used to pause but longer than that of comma, question marks ends a question for emphasis sake and so on. It gives examples from graphology, phonology, morphology, s. -Coinages What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? 3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques What does "spinning upon the shoals" mean? References 1). 5. The other includes the role of stylistics in L1 and L2 pedagogies, that is, the teaching and learning of (English) language through literature. While some research has directly ignored its linguistic meaning and just concentrated on its psychological aspects, other studies have reflected its linguistic nature. items and use of words in a piece of This can be identified by looking at words in italics, capital letters, bold letters, words that are underlined, and so on. 3.1 Purpose of the Study Here the question of why particular elements of language have been used arises. linguistic stylistic analysis of Henrik Ibsen's play, A Doll's House. Two MacBook Pro with same model number (A1286) but different year. @lomlfoml If you look at the poem - visually look at it - you can directly. 2.2 Background of the Author Time factor-The choice of vocabulary is highly dictated and effected by the period in which the particular text us produced. study of sound system of a Meanings are judged through (status/social dialect), Which period of English was the text written (Time), Does the text involve speaking or writing? phrases a few times to make an idea clearer. Let me, very remarkably appreciate the supports of the following scholars and authorities of English in no specific order: Dr. Yomi Okunowo (the Colorado Boulder trained scholar of Grammar and stylistics), my role model in a way as well as my indefatigable supervisor, He added strength to my consciousness, revived and deepened my sensitivity towards the study of style; Emeritus Professor A. Lekan Oyeleye of English Department, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, whose moment of sabbatical coincided with this programme and he taught me advanced meaning related courses and buttressed the impartation with sound scholarly etiquettes; Professor Joseph Akinbode, a passionate father who wishes his students what he wishes himselfSir, frankly, I became a lecturer, that moment you taught us the topic: The Character of a Scholar; Professor Sogbessan and now Drs. In order to understand what practical English stylistics is, study a text and ask yourself questions like why particular features of language have been used and not others. Graphology can be considered an extraordinary belief because it is a form of pseudoscience, and it would require the belief that personality traits can be communicated, via unconscious mental functions, through handwriting (Carroll). Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. patterns, utterance of different words A branch of rhetoric in ancient Greece, eloctio was specially related to the relation between form (vorba) and content (res) and the characteristic features of literary language. the study of semantics, word formation, Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that comprises the study of graphic aspects of language1. The sentence structure must arouse the potential consumers' interest or desire to purchase. Assonance It has to do with the entire words and phrases of a particular language. For (6) Style: In the context of this research, style is defined as the distinct way of language use which expresses the individuality of the authors intents, thoughts and ideas. Identify some features that can be focused on in a linguistic stylistic analysis. Importance of stylistics devices-sharpen our understanding and appreciation of literary works -helps in translation-help in giving judgment. 2.1.1 The Concept of Style: Historical Perspectives However, in recent times, there is more to style than being a pointed instrument used for writing. 4.3.2 Lambs at the Shrine (1995) The levels of stylistic analysis according to Khan and Jabeen (2015) are basically lexical, syntactic or grammatical, phonological, semantic, context and graphological. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. writing: contracted forms, commas, Moving out 6. It is the study of hand writing. -Nouns to interjections Despite a break of traditional rules, my sonnet still be called a sonnet? It is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings and express thoughts and feelings. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. BSED ENGLISH 3-A. Syntactic level H+h[''6=.5:i+2h K|We$H},:,jLF|ioDVUlxL-?i j=vRsq?}abPQp|X] 1JX)Rh2?rA.mYeM[U]@Le!uu!0fD[k$sX@0XB cq;Wj 4zsxd jMb1%pkx>? The use of the word may be unfamiliar. The concept of graphology as a linguistic level of analysis is particularly prominent in stylistics and multimodality. Finally the use of rhetorical devices should be added to advertising slogan, making it more unique. to bear on the work. I am not ungrateful to them, for making the knowledge readily available and at my disposal. Based on the statement of the problem stated above, the research examines the following questions in order to achieve the purpose of this study: 1) What are the patterns of graphology found in Ushies poetry? Where might I find a copy of the 1983 RPG "Other Suns"? This dissertation is an investigation into the poetry of Joe Ushie from the perspective of linguistics. intonation, the foot which carries the Stylistics as a method can help explain how a particular use of language works within a text for both the native and the non-native speaker and how texts are interpreted and understood by the reader. The evidence often used to prove the validity of graphology include its similarity to forensic handwriting analysis. Buy and Sell Modern House Plans at Muthurwa.com, Your email address will not be published. The Graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. In literary studies and stylistics, foregrounding is a the linguistic strategy of calling attention to certain language features in order to shift the reader's attention from what is said to how it is said. This can be seen in two ways. 5.4 Contributions to knowledge. further linguistic or stylistic analysis: 2.3. 4.3.6 A Reign of Locusts ( Graphologists note suchRead More These features are used frequently in poetry and provide auxiliary meaning, thought and feelings to the genre of poetry. At the semantic level, words may be used to produce denotative, connotative, collocative, affective, thematic, or stylistic meanings based on the speakers or writers intention. Through stylistics we learn to analyze speaking and writing habits. This was before Lennards proposal emerged. Lexicon in advertisements is special in that some words are shortened in a readable way to allure the public. Every writer has a natural, linguistic and idiosyncratic way of expressing ideas that leads to the identification of style with man and his thought. 3.2 Population of the Study Analysing a text stylistically is unlike doing a 'literary' analysis as it needs to be much more objective and rooted in fact. helps us to find out subtleties of time, place Wales (2001) has attempted a seemingly clearest and most complete definition of graphology so far, since it clarifies its meaning and incorporated many other features beyond the letters of alphabet, for example: punctuation and spacing. In other words, it synergizes or sits athwart the boundary between linguistics and literature; ensuring their interdependence. context, thematic context, pre-existing iii. Syntactic functions such as nouns (as subjects, objects, appositives, tenses etc. The other levels of linguistic stylistic analysis not considered are: the syntactic level, morphological level, lexico-semantic level and the phonological level. Look at the table below, taken . But also lately a more concerned view has been voiced which stresses that stylistics has contributed to methodologies in the teaching of literature and that, therefore, L1 and L2 methods are embedded in stylistics. of his language to give expression to his (2015:128) study by mentioning five levels in stylistics such as phonetic level, phonological level, graphological level, grammatical level, and lexical level. Graphology in this sense is not a branch of linguistics. assumption about the world Some language teachers were of the opinion that works that prominently made a foregrounded use of linguistic tools were especially suited to show language in action. It was an instrument, a special kind of a stick, also called reed which was used to write. iTOoW@DpN/lY{f?Q|+ tvM]9!O+MKpzNww V07LjSqTfUFLTe1&` The phonological 1ppf*>k5#j$HU.gtNrjn|`M:qTom8bfhL*kiLW?h.k"G`@4r`j! K:\!f&gsq\M| the analysis of context, social and also a branch of semantics which allow Analysis in stylistics therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. Through stylistics we learn to explain why people use language the way they do in different situations e.g news reporting. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. with the description of formal features of a text and their functional importance. whether the selected stylistic features do indeed capture the attention of readers, in the sense of making them notice more. Detailed explanations of these levels are given below. This wise claim and assertion suffices my doubt about individual abilityit is as minute as the mustard seed. @DanBron But that cannot be possible - you cannot know the war discourse is explored in the octave, for example, without the foresight that the longest line is the one used for the war discourse. 2.3 Features of Linguistic Stylistics. Sutardjis Tragedi Winka dan Sihka and J.E. 9 is given the fact that stylistics relies on tangible linguistic evidence to unfold the writers 10 meaning or the communicative purposes of an author. Many scholars have all shared their diverse views about the levels of stylistic analysis. For this, I recognize very heartedly, my friends: Ekemini Ituen of Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works, and Miracle Sorgwe two friends more precious than gold; Lizzy Uko of Federal Polytechnic, Ukana; Nyakno Solomon of Department of Linguistics, University of Port Harcourt; Joy Akpan, Williams Ekerette and Inimfon Udoinyang, my former classmates at the Department of English, University of Uyo; Odunayo Babalola and Adeniyi and Tayo Titilayo, (my landlords sons); co-budding scholars: Kehinde Odusina and Lasisi Abu, of Department of English, Tai Solarin University of Education, Nigeria, Abosede and Mayowa Ashimolowo Michael, Mr. Gbenga (my predecessors), Victor Abel Snr. Accordingly, Levenston (1992) criticizes the lack of critical approaches to the study of graphology and proposes four major schemes within the graphic representation of language. rev2023.5.1.43405. 5.1 Research Questions (5) Poetry: Poetry is a genre of literature which arises as a reaction to mans interaction with nature and the attempt to express such experience in beautiful lexical items. Business Aircraft Operators Association Website. 2.1.13 Pictography (graphical elements) It will follow these steps: firstly, students will acquire the knowledge that leads them to comprehend the basic grammatical and rhetoric concepts. Puttenham a Renaissance scholar, compares style to flowers, jewels, embroidery. prominent syllable) Within stylistics, the original motivation for the work was to examine how stylistic features in fiction can apparently be used to highlight key plot and thematic moments (Emmott, "Reading for Pleasure" and "Responding to Style"), guiding the interpretation of readers at these points. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Joe Ushie, a prolific poet has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. Is there such a thing as "right to be heard" by the authorities? The description of formal patterns can help in objectifying stylistic analysis as well as enabling the critic or readers to discipline their intuitive responses to text. The pedagogical aim of stylistics in teaching (literary) language and how this language functions is based on how we as readers native and non-native come from the word on the page to its meanings, Bex (1999). Style also varies from one period to another. Requirements before stylistics analysis. 3.2. -Compounding, are some expressions that cannot be This, as a matter of fact makes it rather difficult sometimes to draw a clear line between literary stylistics and linguistic stylistics. 3.7 Procedure for Data Collection Stylistics has also moved from what Simpson (2004, pp. In stylistics, deviation is a style. Despite all these studies, literature in this field is yet to outline or categorize a standard parameter for graphological analysis, which is one of the major concerns of the present study. stream This is because they could be conditioned by diverse factors like heredity, training and even experience. Other basic considerations are the general appearance and impression of the writing, the pressure of upward and downward strokes, and the smoothness of the writing. -Use of verbals It only takes a minute to sign up. Also, stylistic tools like phonological, grammatical, lexical, and graphological features were employed to aid the flow of the message and the organizational structures of the poem. Different schools of thought worked in explaining and understanding this term, which put a large number of definitions which some of them appear to be overlapping while others seem to be contradictory. At different instances, most attempts at studying this author are based on journal articles, the example of Rome Abohs Proverbs and Euphemisms as Discourse Strategies in Joe Ushie's Poetry. McIntoshs definition caught on and developed in the sixties and served in its attempt to integrate more levels than the traditional ones when analyzing written texts. contribute the totality of stylistic construction 2.1.5 Between Stylistic Analysis and Literary Criticism: A Conceptual Separation [] Graphemics also embraces other features associated with the written or graphic medium: punctuation; paragraphing; spacing, etc. In the same vein, it is referred to as a level of linguistic analysis which focuses on the layout of texts, the size or shape of words and any other feature that is graphical or orthographical (Yeibo and Akerele 2014). Cataphora: refers to an expression or subject which is 2.1.6.2 Syntactic/Grammatical Level It Mobile: +65 8908 9326 3. Moreover, the role of quantification depends on how necessary it is to prove ones point intuition has a respectable place both in linguistics and criticism. 3) What are the pedagogical influences that can be brought to bear by graphology in understanding Ushies poetry? endobj There are three major approaches to the study of stylistics, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2013) observe. knowledge and physical context of the 4.1 Presentation of Data Stylistics, Literary Criticism and Practical Criticism have certain things in common. Ndimele (2001:15) defines stylistics as a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics to the study of literature. 2) To what extent are the identified patterns of graphology signifiers of meaning? There are different linguistic levels of analyzing a literary or non-literary text. person, events. Eigenvalues of position operator in higher dimensions is vector, not scalar? OR is this foresight part of the graphological deviation, or am I missing a crucial element here? meanings and events. Abdulwahab (2004) opines that it is expected of every research project to have something new to contribute to knowledge in that subject area, however small as this represents the hallmark of all research endeavours. One embraces the pedagogical usefulness and potential of stylistics for teaching (the language of) literature. writer's style, for example capitalization, Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? Similarity features-similarity features are normally temporary. Traditional, Modern and Linguistic Concept of S Stylistics and its relation with linguistics and literature, Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions), Transformational Grammar by: Noam Chomsky, 20196306 introduction-to-discourse-analysis. Pick a pair of samples and try to identify the similarities and differences in the stylistic features (lexical, grammatical, semantic levels) of the two samples . For example, on the text on the right we can see from the graphological qualities that this text is a newspaper. They write the words in such a way without any boundaries in lines, space, or rhymes. 2.3.2 Theory of Multimodality Albeit literary stylistics occasionally may involve the rudimentary analysis of the structure and form of a literary text, it however readily employs the use of literary categories in the analysis of the text. It is basically concerned with the understanding of technique or the craft of writing. By definition, deviation is the conscious attempt of flouting the linguistic norms for the purpose of foregrounding, revealing or defining the writers style or peculiarities. I extend my gratitude to the authors whose literatures, I reviewed and referenced at the same time. Any such study that leans heavily on external correlates with none or just a smattering of attention to the rules guiding the operation of the language can be regarded as literary stylistics. Morphology to Jolayemi (2008) is the study of word-formation, in other words, the study of how morphemes (smallest units of a word) whether free or bound form words. Viewed in its historical perspective, however, stylistics may be said to have been influenced by the continental movements mainly by the school of New Criticism, Russian formalism and Prague school, French structuralism and modern linguistics which paved the way for stylistics and later contributed to its development. But in recent times, the focus has gradually shifted from the authors theme to how meanings and effects are communicated in literary or non-literary texts.

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