What Was The Social Structure Of The Maryland Colony? 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Many Natives live here, and as a colony we have formed a treaty with them. The land that became the Pennsylvania Colony had been in dispute for many years by the English, Dutch, and the Swedes. Dating from the 18th century are Dickinson College (1773), in Carlisle; Franklin and Marshall College (1787), in Lancaster; and Washington and Jefferson College (1787), in Washington. Kelly, Martin. Religious tolerance, diversity, and representative government became reality here in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was among three of the original 13 colonies that were given provincial charters. Puritans Who Had Believed That Only A Few Were Predestined By Being The two groups signed the Treaty of Shackamaxon in 1682 which effectively formalized the purchase of the land and declared peace between the two groups. "The Pennsylvania Colony: A Quaker Experiment in America." Slaves made up twenty percent of the population of New York in 1746, for example. A council was assembled to help rule with the governor. Kelly, Martin. Hershey is considered the Chocolate Capital of the United States. Native Americans Although William Penn was granted all the land in Pennsylvania by the King, he chose not to grant or settle any part of it without first buying the claims of the Native Americans who lived there. The Pennsylvania colony was officially established by a newly converted aristocratic Quaker, William Penn. Social services provided by the state include child protection, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, geriatric care, and help for victims of domestic violence. Copy. When the supply of labor outstripped demand, wages fell and the level of unemployment rose. in exchange for transportation to Pennsylvania. The City of Brotherly Love as it's known is where the Continental Congress held its first meeting and where the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution and the Gettysburg Address were written. What was the Social Structure like among the people of Delaware and Pennsylvania? The Duke granted New Jersey to two loyal friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. What Caused the Rise of the Democrats & the Whigs. Before Penn was granted land rights to build his colony, King Charles and his heirs bought the claims of the Native Americans who lived in the region. Explanation: The social classes during the Colonial times were determined by wealth, land ownership and job titles. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. Women were viewed as weaker and had to give total respect to the men. A significant percentage of Atlantic shipping was on vessels built in the colonies, and shipbuilding stimulated other crafts, such as the sewing of sails, milling of lumber, and manufacturing of naval stores. These generous terms induced many to set out for the New World. Fueling the industry at this time relied heavily on Pennsylvanias natural resources. Pennsylvania's first constitution, the Frame of Government was drafted in April, 1682, providing for an upper house and lower house of the legislature. The expansion of slavery. Pennsylvania (Founding) In March of 1681, King Charles II of England (1630-85) granted William Penn (1644-1718), gentleman and Quaker, the charter for a proprietary colony on the North American continent. Both in their lifestyles and social pursuits (such as horse racing), the southern gentry emulated the English country squire. Natural increase, the excess of live births over deaths, was important to the population growth, but ongoing European immigration was a factor as well. The crops they grewbarley, wheat, and oatswere the same as those grown in England, so they had little export value compared with the staples of the southern plantations. He quickly instituted the First Frame of Government and created three counties: Philadelphia, Chester, and Bucks. The New England colonies were founded to escape religious persecution in England. The Pennsylvania Colony: A Quaker Experiment in America. Proposing amendments was also part of its duties. The Pennsylvania Colony exported iron ore and manufactured iron products to England, including tools, plows, kettles, nails and other items. The colonial government was dominated by the eastern planters, and the poorer west suffered from corrupt government and excessive taxes. 2 The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World. The Middle colonies, like Delaware, New York, and New Jersey, were founded as trade centers, while Pennsylvania was founded as a safe haven for Quakers. Under the constitution, the General Assembly provides rules and regulations for local governments. Craftsmen learned their trade as apprentices and became journeymen when their term of apprenticeship (as long as seven years) was completed. Penn sought a colony in Americawhat he called a "holy experiment"to protect himself and fellow Quakers from persecution. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879. "The Pennsylvania Colony: A Quaker Experiment in America." This marks the first permanent settlement by Europeans in Pennsylvania. The Articles of Confederation were also drafted in Pennsylvania, the document that formed the basis of the new Confederation that was created at the end of the Revolutionary War. William Penn initially requested his land grant be named Sylvania, from the Latin for woods. Charles II instead named it Pennsylvania, after Penns father, causing Penn to worry that settlers would believe he named it after himself. (Neighborhoods such as Southwark, Spring Garden and Northern Liberties comprised a larger population of Latin American residents, many of who worked as cigar makers and at Baldwin Locomotive Works. South Carolina planters often owned townhouses in Charleston and would probably have gone to someplace like Newport to escape the heat in summer. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. The Pennsylvania Colony has very mild weather and climate. In 1884, Milton made the Hershey Chocolate Company a subsidiary of the already established Lancaster Caramel Company. In 1909 the first baseball stadium was built in Pittsburgh. They had 3 social classes. In the Middle Colonies, richer land and a better climate created a small surplus. Whether refugees from war (the Germans, for example) or victims of persecution or economic conditions in their homelands (the Irish and ScotchIrish), the new arrivals added to the ethnic and religious mosaic of eighteenthcentury America. Pennsylvania and other middle colonies had a more equal class system. Pennsylvania was considered a "farmer's heaven" because their was plenty of land bought to farm on. Enslaved Africans and Enslaved descendants of Africans were brought into Pennsylvania, mostly by the English, Welsh, and Scotch-Irish. By 1636 four New England Colonies were founded: New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island and . William Penn set sail from England in August, 1682, with Captain Greenway, in the ship Welcome. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. Meanwhile, the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania brought African American women from the south and students from India, Japan and Syria. Later on the French and Indian War damaged their relationship. Number of slaves in 1700: 430. The Pennsylvania colony was one of the 13 original British colonies that became the United States of America. During summers, it is warm and relatively moist. Although born in Boston, Philadelphia claims Ben Franklin as one of its sons as the renowned statesman, scientist, writer and inventor moved to the city at the age of 17. Within a few days Penn made a treaty with the Leni Lenape to purchase his grant of land from them, even though there was no law requiring him to do so. In 1765 it began the first institution for the study of medicine in the state. The General Assembly was established in Pennsylvania in 1682. Penn sought a colony in Americawhat he called a "holy experiment"to protect himself and fellow Quakers from persecution. Between the Civil War and the 1920s, state government was, with a few exceptions in the late 19th century, controlled by the Republican Party. Above the slaves were the white indentured servants, people who payed their way to America by selling years of labor. Like all Quakers, he was a pacifist, and he was adamant that his new colony would avoid the . The Hershey Chocolate Factory was completed in 1905. The overwhelming majority of colonists were farmers. It then became the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and one of America's first 13 states. Previous ThoughtCo, Apr. It was founded in 1682 by the English Quaker William Penn. The largest ethnic group to arrivethe African slavescame in chains. ), Newspapers in foreign languages and mutual aid networks sprouted as more immigrants moved into Pennsylvania. Many New Englanders left farming to fish or produce lumber, tar, and pitch that could be exchanged for English manufactured goods. . By 1768, all of present Pennsylvania except the northwestern third was purchased. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. The lower class was the sailors and apprentices. See answer (1) Best Answer. In 1681, as payment for the debt, the king granted what is today Pennsylvania to the admiral's son, also named William Penn. Although the original colonies were given a general set of governmental guidelines from the British government, Pennsylvania set its own standards. Numerous key battles and events of the war occurred in the colony, including the crossing of the Delaware River, the Battle of Brandywine, the Battle of Germantown, and the winter encampment at Valley Forge. In the period of European exploration, there was a flurry of activity in North America. Infant mortality rates in the colonies were much lower than those in England, and life expectancy was considerably higher. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Founding and History of the New Jersey Colony, Colonial Governments of the Original 13 Colonies, Biography of Benjamin Franklin, Printer, Inventor, Statesman, Germans in the American Revolutionary War, The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution, William Penn's Experiment in the Wilderness: Promise and Legend, William Penn and Toleration: Foundations of Colonial Pennsylvania. This group also regulated trade with the Native Americans and issued municipal regulations. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Native Americans - Although William Penn was granted . Immediately, Penn sent his cousin William Markham to the territory to take control of it and be its governor. Below them were the laborers and servants, who made up the majority of the population. Under the constitution of 1968Pennsylvanias fourth since becoming a stateand its subsequent amendments, the executive branch consists of the governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, auditor general, state treasurer, and governors cabinet. In 1712, the trade of enslaved people was outlawed in Pennsylvania. King Charles II of England owed $80,000 to Admiral Sir William Penn. Corn, wheat, and livestock were shipped primarily to the West Indies from the growing commercial centers of Philadelphia and New York. Saving enough money to go into business for himself was the dream of every journeyman. Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. A typical South Carolina planter, on the other hand, might own as many as fifty slaves to work in the rice fields. At the top of the hierarchy were the wealthy landowners and merchants, followed by the middle class of skilled tradesmen and shopkeepers. The lowest rank were the African slaves, which were present in all of colonial America. Colonial agriculture. The colonies were part of an Atlantic trading network that linked them with England, Africa, and the West Indies. He also established laws providing for education and prohibiting slavery. The Pennsylvania Colony was also called the Province of Pennsylvania. Penn induced people to emigrate, the terms being 40 shillings per hundred acres, and "shares" of 5,000 acres for 100 pounds. proprietary colony The lack of slaves in the colony meant everyone had to work hard on a daily basis while the children received an education in the colony schools. Working as domestics, assistants to craftsmen, or stevedores in the port cities, they lived in their master's home, as did indentured servants and apprentices. The rest of Pennsylvanias cities are designated as third-class. Study now. Reading Terminal became a hub for locomotive transportation and innovation across the country. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. The English and its colonies despised the Quakers for refusal to pay taxes in support of war or participate in any acts of war. Penn and Taminend, Leni Lenape chief, exchanged wampum belts under the Shackamaxon elm in Philadelphia. This body was in charge of approving or rejecting bills passed by the council. Motivations for colonization: English colonies popped up along the eastern seaboard for a variety of reasons. Not long after, he sold the Lancaster Caramel Company to focus on making chocolate andbroke ground on the first Hershey chocolate factory in his hometown in Derry Township, Pennsylvania. The General Assembly was established in Pennsylvania in 1682. Philadelphia quickly became a refuge for Quakers in the New World. The land he received was rich with natural resources including two river valleys, extensive forests and a large portion of the Appalachian Mountains. At midcentury, just under a quarter million blacks lived in the colonies, almost twenty times the number in 1700. Most young people were educated after the education system in Pennsylvania was set up. Philadelphia, a city in Pennsylvania whose name means City of Brotherly Love, was originally settled by Native American tribes, particularly the Lenape hunter gatherers . The town of Philadelphia was located in 1682, "having a high and dry land next to the water, with a shore ornamented with a fine view of pine trees growing upon it.". Labor activities among worker bees depend primarily on the age of the bee but vary with the needs of the colony. The Cramp Shipyards, a producer of passenger steamships and warships, also helped pave the way for the states industrial profile. When Isaac Hershey purchased four tracts of land in what is today known as Dauphin County, chocolate hadnt yet been invented, let alone popularized. After he died, Penn gave control of the land to his sons, John and Thomas, who were known to sell parts of the land without consent from the local tribes. This is where the Declaration of Independence was written and signed. Temple University (1884), in Philadelphia, the University of Pittsburgh (1787), and Lincoln University (1854) are also state-supported. William Penn was appointed by King Charles II to be governor of Pennsylvania in 1682. This mixture would surely doom the Catholic experiment. What were the social classes in Pennsylvania colony? The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. As the size of the colony increases up to a maximum of about 60,000 workers, so does the efficiency of the colony. Other schools with major reputations are Bryn Mawr College (1880), one of the Seven Sisters schools; Haverford College (1833) and Swarthmore College (1864), which are Quaker schools; and Villanova University (1842), a Roman Catholic institutionall near Philadelphia. Urban women, freed from such domestic chores as spinning and candle making (cloth and candles could be purchased in the cities), had somewhat more leisure time, and they might help their husbands in their shop or tavern. The 5 largest ethnic groups in Pennsylvania are White (Non-Hispanic) (75.6%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (10.7%), White (Hispanic) (4.01%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (3.52%), and Other (Hispanic) (2.47%). The governor in colonial times was a direct representative of the British king or queen. Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by landowners. At the bottom of the social ladder were slaves and indentured servants; successful planters in the south and wealthy merchants in the north were the colonial elite. During the late 1800s, Philadelphia was the leader in industrial production, especially in manufacturing. In some districts of the sparsely populated South Carolina colony, blacks outnumbered whites by as much as eight to one, and they were able to retain their African culture more than slaves who were taken to Virginia or Maryland. In the years 1683-84, emigration increased, welcoming pioneers mostly from England, Ireland, Wales, Holland and Germany. Hershey Chocolate was first sold commercially on April 17, 1895, and the company began marketing its signature Milk Chocolate bars in 1900. At the turn of the 21st century, health services employed about one-tenth of the workforce, and health care was increasingly available throughout the state. Swedes and Finns continued to arrive and settle in what would become Pennsylvania. The land he received was rich with natural resources including two river valleys, extensive forests and a large portion of the Appalachian Mountains. The University of Pennsylvania, for example, added several graduate programs, admitted women to them, and enrolled students of color. Proposing amendments was also part of its duties. Penn was a supporter of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, a controversial religion at the time that rejected rituals and oaths and opposed war. Amateur and professional baseball teams, department stores, a new free library system and theaters also came about around the same time. The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World. from your Reading List will also remove any Middle Colonies - Government In October 1682, Penn sent a proprietor to Pennsylvania who visited the capital city Philadelphia, created the three original counties and summoned a General Assembly to Chester on December 4. Similar to other major cities at the time, immigrants grouped themselves by income and ethnicity. At the same time the company was coming up and its park was being built, the town of Hershey flourished with its own post office, fire department, bank, hotel, public school, churches, parks and golf courses. Among the main powers of the governor are broad veto power over bills passed in the legislature (General Assembly), including a line-item veto for appropriations bills, and the right to return bills to the Assembly for reconsideration. Pennsylvania was one of the Middle colonies, along with New York, New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware. Given the demographics, it is not surprising that the largest colonial slave revoltthe Stono Rebelliontook place in South Carolina. It was not uncommon for a woman to manage her husband's business after his death. Philadelphia is the states only first-class city and may have special legislation. Settling the Colonies, Next 1 In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. They had 3 social classes. Freedom of worship and religion was granted to all citizens. The Pennsylvania Colony's economy is currently faring well, for people in England and the other colonies are buying and trading our crops. In 1643, Governor Johan Printz arrived and built Fort Elfsborg and Fort New Gothenburg at Tinicum Island, nearby todays Philadelphia airport. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Colony was a proprietary colony founded when William Penn was awarded a charter by King Charles II in 1681. Race Ethnicity Or Social Class Neither Should The Quakers, Labeling Themselves As The Society of Friends The Quakers The servants were used to meet a growing demand of cheap, plentiful labor in the colony. The Pennsylvania colony was among the 'Middle Colonies' of America, which included prominent colonies such as New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. Since the creation of such programs at the time of Pres. Rice cultivation expanded in South Carolina and Georgia, and indigo was added around 1740. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Women married earlier, giving them the opportunity to have more children, and large families were the norm. What are the 4 New England colonies? Pennsylvania grew 8 times its original amount from 1700 to 1780. The General Assembly consists of a Senate of 50 members and a House of Representatives of 203 members. Women were expected to help the men in hard labor tasks in order for survival. He set up the colony as one of religious freedom. Any Swedish settlers were to become English subjects, seeing that the English were now in a majority in the colony. Updated: June 13, 2022 | Original: November 9, 2009. Concurrently, restrictions were placed on finished goods. The religion in the Pennsylvania Colony is the Quaker religion. Despite a seemingly peaceful transition of land, after multiple battles and failed attempts to live harmoniously, many of Pennsylvanias Native Americans gradually left and migrated west. The first English charter to colonize land in the New World that is today known as Pennsylvania was set forth by King Charles II as a way to repay William Penn, a member of upper-class nobility, whose father had lent the king money before his death. His government created the means necessary for indentured servants to become full citizens, or free men, after completing their service term regardless of religious beliefs or ancestry. In 1701 a revised constitution was drafted, called the Charter of Privileges, and it was in effect until 1776. The assembly approved the second Frame of Government in 1683. Although both English colonial policy and the organization of the Society of Friends, known as Quakers, were works in progress between the . In 1696, after a tumultous time back in England, having been arrested several times for disloyalty, Penn returned to Pennsylvania and established the landmark Charter of Privileges, which was approved in 1701. It is recorded that some newcomers would find caves for shelter for their families and effects, then get warrants of survey and wander about for their choice of localities. Penn intended the colony to be a refuge for Quakers and other religious minorities. Funds are secured from the state and local communities through taxes and bond issues. In 1610 Virginian Captain Samuel Argall visited Delaware Bay (he named it for Lord de la Warr, governor of Virginia). In the period of European exploration, there was a flurry of activity in North America. Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. The militia was under his rule and he had the power to appoint judges, sheriffs and other officials as needed. The governing principles it adopted were based on Quaker values of religious tolerance and participatory government. In Pennsylvania, religious groups, ideologies and state laws reflected the thoughts of the men that created them when it came to a woman's place in society and at home. The Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia's Independence Hall. Colonial industry was closely associated with trade. The king named the colony after Penns father, Admiral Sir Penn. It is agreed that anyone of good moral character is capable of . In 1739, about one hundred fugitive slaves killed twenty whites on their way to Florida and were killed themselves when captured. Built On Equality. ", Pennsylvania During the American Revolution. Colonial trade and industry. Class System. In 1655, Dutch troops, under the command of Governor Peter Stuyvesant of New Amsterdam (New York), took control of the Swedish colony and held it until the British Duke of York seized control of it and all of New Amsterdam in 1664. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. Penn had high hopes that the colony would enjoy religious freedom, as well as peace with the Lenni Lenapes and other American Indians who had lived in this land for centuries. By and large, women in the colonies assumed traditional roles; they took care of their home and brought up their children. They ran the house, farmed and raised children. What Influence Did the French Revolution Have on Napoleon's Rise to Power? ThoughtCo. The gentry, upper class, contained large landowners and wealthy merchants. At the bottom of the social ladder were slaves and indentured servants; successful planters in the south and wealthy merchants in the north were the colonial elite. The colony is also part of the "bread basket of America" because it was suitable to grow a surplus of wheat, corn, barley, and rye. 33 (1966), 16-55; Peter Lindert, "English Occupations 1670-1811," Journal of Economic History, 40 (1980), 685-712; Alice Hanson James, American Colonial Wealth, III But by 1720, a wheat-based economy had sprung up, and the good reputation of Pennsylvania in Europe was luring Scots-Irish and German immigrants, who were willing to hire on as indentured servants in exchange for passage across the Atlantic. Penn's goal with Pennsylvania was to create a colony that allowed for freedom of religion. Southern Europe was also a valuable market for colonial foodstuffs. Senators are elected for four-year terms and representatives for two-year terms. The social structure of the colonies. The indigo plant was used to make a blue dye much in demand by the English textile industry. William Penn's 'Holy Experiment' on the Delaware River. Instead of a king, there was a governor and the two houses consisted of the Provincial Council and the General Assembly, modeled roughly after the British parliamentary structure. Pennsylvanias industry extended overseas and brought over more people from Germany, the Far East and South America. New England's rocky soil and short growing season along with the practice of dividing already small farms among siblings led families to a barely subsistent living. 2015-11-04 04:06:29. Government in colonial times resembled the British structure of a king and two houses of Parliament, and were subject to British rule. He established a government in which citizens elected representatives to an assembly that made the laws. Enslaved, This Meant That Since God Did Not Make Distinctions By Gender What did the people of Pennsylvania do for a living? The first inhabitants were a mixture of country gentlemen (mostly Catholic) and workers and artisans (mostly Protestant). Pennsylvania generally exhibits the characteristic American pattern of rural conservatism and urban liberalism, although locally such labels may bear no relationship to particular parties.

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